{"id":1335,"date":"2015-03-25T08:09:03","date_gmt":"2015-03-25T08:09:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.albeiti.org\/?p=1335"},"modified":"2015-03-25T08:09:03","modified_gmt":"2015-03-25T08:09:03","slug":"eiti-perkushtim-ne-permiresimin-e-transparences","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.albeiti.org\/site\/eiti-perkushtim-ne-permiresimin-e-transparences\/","title":{"rendered":"EITI, perkushtim ne permiresimin e transparences."},"content":{"rendered":"

Revista Monitor, 23.03.2015<\/em><\/p>\n

Flet Dorina \u00c7inari, drejtuese e Sekretariatit Nisma p\u00ebr Transparenc\u00eb n\u00eb Industrin\u00eb Nxjerr\u00ebse<\/b><\/div>\n

Nuk ka ide m\u00eb t\u00eb fuqishme, se sa nj\u00eb ide s\u00eb cil\u00ebs i ka mb\u00ebrritur koha. \u201cT\u2019i b\u00ebjm\u00eb burimet tona natyrore t\u00eb punojn\u00eb p\u00ebr njer\u00ebzit\u201d \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb ide, koha e s\u00eb cil\u00ebs tashm\u00eb ka mb\u00ebrritur. \u00cbsht\u00eb kryefjala e dit\u00ebve t\u00eb sotme n\u00eb aren\u00ebn e vendimeve dhe diskutimeve t\u00eb grupimeve t\u00eb m\u00ebdha, biznesitnd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar dhe natyrisht kryefj al\u00eb n\u00eb axhendat politike t\u00eb shum\u00eb qeverive progresive.<\/p>\n

T\u00eb gjith\u00eb ne, q\u00eb gjejm\u00eb motivim dhe entuziaz\u00ebm n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb gj\u00eb, duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka q\u00eb ky proces t\u00eb jet\u00eb i pakthyesh\u00ebm, p\u00ebr ne dhe p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00ebt tan\u00eb.Po me t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin p\u00ebrkushtim dhe entuziaz\u00ebm, qeveria shqiptare ka nd\u00ebrtuar nj\u00eb axhend\u00eb tejet agresive p\u00ebr udh\u00ebtimin e saj drejt transparenc\u00ebs dhe mir\u00ebqeverisjes s\u00eb burimeve natyrore.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb an\u00ebtar\u00ebsimit t\u00eb saj pran\u00eb EITI Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar, ka nj\u00eb plan shum\u00eb ambicioz dhe objektiva t\u00eb qarta, n\u00eb at\u00eb se si po qeverisen burimet natyrore t\u00eb vendit.<\/p>\n

\u00c7FAR\u00cb \u00cbSHT\u00cb EITI (EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRIES TRANSPARENCY INITIATIVE)?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nisma p\u00ebr Transparenc\u00eb n\u00eb Industrin\u00eb Nxjerr\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb koalicion global i qeverive, kompanive dhe shoq\u00ebris\u00eb civile, p\u00ebr t\u00eb punuar s\u00eb bashku p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar transparenc\u00ebn dhe menaxhimin e p\u00ebrgjegjsh\u00ebm t\u00eb t\u00eb ardhurave nga burimet natyrore t\u00eb nj\u00eb vendi.<\/p>\n

CILI \u00cbSHT\u00cb PRINCIPI THEMELOR I EITI?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Burimet natyrore jan\u00eb pasuri komb\u00ebtare, e si t\u00eb tilla u p\u00ebrkasin qytetar\u00ebve t\u00eb atij vendi.<\/p>\n

EITI u lan\u00e7ua n\u00eb vitin 2002 nga Toni Blair, kryeminist\u00ebr i asaj kohe i UK, n\u00eb Samitin Bot\u00ebror p\u00ebr Zhvillim t\u00eb Q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm q\u00eb u mbajt n\u00eb Johanesburg, si nj\u00eb nism\u00eb nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare, e cila kishte si q\u00ebllim p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimin e transparenc\u00ebs dhe dh\u00ebnies llogari (accountability) n\u00eb vendet e pasura me minerale, naft\u00eb dhe gaz.<\/p>\n

Megjith\u00ebse k\u00ebto vende kan\u00eb potenciale dhe burime natyrore, studime dhe fakte t\u00eb shumta tregojn\u00eb se k\u00ebto vende karakterizohen nga rritja e vog\u00ebl ekonomike, shkall\u00eb e lart\u00eb korrupsioni, si dhe konfl ikte sociale krahasuar me vende q\u00eb nuk i kan\u00eb k\u00ebto burime. Ato afektojn\u00eb politik\u00ebn dhe sigurin\u00eb globale. Situata e sotme n\u00eb Lindjen e Mesme dhe Rusi\/Ukrain\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb pik\u00ebrisht refl ektim i k\u00ebsaj.<\/p>\n

Shfryt\u00ebzimi i k\u00ebtyre burimeve duhet t\u00eb kontribuoj\u00eb n\u00eb zhvillimin social dhe rritje ekonomike. Sa m\u00eb shum\u00eb transparenc\u00eb n\u00eb at\u00eb se si nj\u00eb vend i administron burimet e veta natyrore, aq m\u00eb shum\u00eb siguri merret q\u00eb nga ato pasuri do t\u00eb p\u00ebrfi toj\u00eb \u00e7do qytetar i atij vendi.<\/p>\n

INDUSTRIA NXJERR\u00cbSE, KONTRIBUON VET\u00cbM<\/strong><\/p>\n

ME 2.5% N\u00cb BUXHETIN E SHTETIT<\/strong><\/p>\n

Shqip\u00ebria \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb vend i vog\u00ebl por tejet i pasur n\u00eb burime natyrore. Mjafton t\u00eb themi q\u00eb Shqip\u00ebria \u00ebsht\u00eb fusha m\u00eb e madhe naft\u00ebmbajtese n\u00eb Europ\u00eb. Rezervat natyrore t\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb naft\u00eb,gas,krom, bak\u00ebr, hekur nikel dhe gur g\u00eblqeror. Explorimi dhe shfryt\u00ebzimi i burimevenatyrore p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebson nj\u00eb aktivitet shum\u00eb t\u00eb konsideruesh\u00ebm t\u00eb ekonomis\u00eb shqiptare.<\/p>\n

EITI Albania ka prodhuar gjat\u00eb vitit 2014, dy raporte t\u00eb transparences EITI, raportin EITI 2011 dhe raportin EITI 2012. Referuar k\u00ebtyre raporteve, volumit t\u00eb licensuarve n\u00eb k\u00ebto industri si dhe volumit t\u00eb aktivitetit ekonomik n\u00eb zonat mineralmbajt\u00ebse, v\u00ebrehet se kontributi i t\u00eb ardhurave nga k\u00ebto industri n\u00eb PBB dhe n\u00eb buxhetin e shtetit \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb i vog\u00ebl.<\/p>\n

N\u00ebse do t\u00eb shihnim n\u00eb koh\u00eb, kontributi i k\u00ebtyre industrive n\u00eb PBB-n\u00eb e vitit 1990 ishte rreth 40 %, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb vitin 2012 ishte rreth 5.6 % (n\u00ebbuxhetin e shtetit 2.5 %).Gjithsesi trendi i madh\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb kontributit i t\u00eb ardhurave t\u00eb industries nxjerr\u00ebse n\u00eb PBB dhe buxhetin e shtetit ka qen\u00eb rrit\u00ebs, k\u00ebshtu ky kontribut n\u00eb PBB e vitit 2012 ishte 5.6 % e totalit p\u00ebrkundrejt 2 % n\u00eb vitin 2009.<\/p>\n

Duke raportuar p\u00ebr vitin 2012, EITI njofton se, prodhimi total i naft\u00ebs dhe mineraleve t\u00eb tjera arriti n\u00eb shum\u00ebn 65.8 miliard\u00eb lek\u00eb nga 70.7 miliard\u00eb lek\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 2011. Nafta zinte 76% t\u00eb prodhimit total n\u00eb vitin 2012 dhe 68% n\u00eb vitin 2011. Rreth 85% e naft\u00ebs u prodhua nga puset n\u00eb Patos-Marin\u00ebz. Prodhimi i kromit zinte rreth 62% t\u00eb prodhimit minerar n\u00eb vitin 2012 dhe 66% n\u00eb vitin 2011. Rreth 58% e kromit n\u00eb vitin 2012 dhe 70% e kromit n\u00eb vitin 2011 u prodhua n\u00eb Rrethin e Bulqiz\u00ebs. Kontributi i industris\u00eb nxjerr\u00ebse n\u00eb pun\u00ebsim mbetet modest.<\/p>\n

Sipas AKBN, shoq\u00ebrit\u00eb e licencuara n\u00eb nxjerrjen e naft\u00ebs, gazit dhe mineraleve t\u00eb tjera pun\u00ebsojn\u00eb s\u00eb bashku m\u00eb pak se 1% t\u00eb totalit t\u00eb t\u00eb pun\u00ebsuarve n\u00eb vend. T\u00eb ardhurat e gjeneruara nga industria nxjerr\u00ebse nga ndarja e prodhimit t\u00eb naft\u00ebs, renta minerare, tatimi mbi fi timin dhe bonuset e n\u00ebnshkrimit) jan\u00eb n\u00eb total 11.86 miliard\u00eb lek\u00eb. K\u00ebto t\u00eb ardhura p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb prodhimin e naft\u00ebs dhe bonuset n\u00eb vler\u00ebn 5.41 miliard\u00eb lek\u00eb t\u00eb mbledhur nga Albpetrol p\u00ebr licencat e prodhimit n\u00ebn administrimin e tij. Albpetrol, si shoq\u00ebri e licencuar, derdhi n\u00eb buxhetin e shtetit rent\u00ebn minerare, tatimin mbi fi timin dhe dividentin n\u00eb shum\u00ebn 1.9 miliard\u00eb lek\u00eb n\u00eb total. Pagesat n\u00eb shum\u00ebn 8.35 miliard\u00eb lek\u00eb ose 70% e fl ukseve totale t\u00eb paras\u00eb s\u00eb gjeneruar nga industria nxjerr\u00ebse, jan\u00eb regjistruar n\u00eb buxhetin e shtetit. K\u00ebto pagesa kontribuuan me 2.5% n\u00eb totalin e t\u00eb ardhurave t\u00eb buxhetit t\u00eb shtetit n\u00eb vitin 2012.<\/p>\n

Sektori privat i naft\u00ebs dhe gazit gjeneroi pjes\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb kontributit n\u00eb buxhetin e shtetit, n\u00eb vler\u00ebn 5.18 miliard\u00eb lek\u00eb ose 62% e pagesave ndaj buxhetit t\u00eb shtetit nga industria nxjerr\u00ebse. Albpetrol dhe sektori minerar gjeneruan p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht 23% dhe 15% t\u00eb k\u00ebtij kontributi. N\u00eb vitin 2012, pagesat e kryera ndaj Albpetrol nga shoq\u00ebrit\u00eb e naft\u00ebs dhe gazit n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me marr\u00ebveshjet hidrokarbure ishin 5.41 miliard\u00eb lek\u00eb. N\u00ebse k\u00ebto pagesa do t\u00eb ishin regjistruar direkt n\u00eb buxhetin e shtetit, kontributi i industris\u00eb nxjerr\u00ebse n\u00eb buxhet do t\u00eb ishte p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht 4.1% n\u00eb vitin 2012 dhe 2.9% n\u00eb vitin 2011.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitin 2012, transferimet e rent\u00ebs minerare p\u00ebr pushtetin vendor arrit\u00ebn shum\u00ebn 41.7 milion\u00eb lek\u00eb q\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebn 0.6% t\u00eb rent\u00ebs s\u00eb mbledhur n\u00eb total, ose 2.3% e totalit t\u00eb rent\u00ebs s\u00eb transferueshme n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me ligjin p\u00ebr taksat komb\u00ebtare. Sipas Ministris\u00eb s\u00eb Financave, t\u00eb ardhurat nga renta minerare n\u00eb vitin 2011 dhe 2012 ishin regjistruar n\u00eb buxhetin e shtetit n\u00eb grup dhe nuk jan\u00eb mbajtur regjistrime t\u00eb sakta mbi rent\u00ebn e gjeneruar nga secila NjQV.<\/p>\n

PROJEKTE M\u00cb AMBICIOZE<\/strong><\/p>\n

Shifrat e raporteve t\u00eb fundit jan\u00eb trondit\u00ebse, por ndoshta nuk jan\u00eb shum\u00eb aktuale sot q\u00eb fl asim. Njer\u00ebzit kan\u00eb nevoj\u00eb t\u00eb shohin sa ishte kontributi i industrive n\u00eb vitin q\u00eb kaloi? EITI Albania do t\u00eb publikoj\u00eb brenda vitit 2015, dy raportet e reja t\u00eb transparenc\u00ebs p\u00ebr vitin 2013 dhe 2014. Do t\u00eb kemi shifra dhe t\u00eb dh\u00ebna shum\u00eb m\u00eb aktuale q\u00eb do t\u00eb na ndihmojn\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00ebve p\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar se \u00e7far\u00eb po ndodh me burimet tona. EITI Albania ka nd\u00ebrmarr\u00eb nj\u00eb studim shum\u00eb serioz, i cili do t\u00eb mas\u00eb rezervat aktuale, projektet e pritshme dhe potencialin e t\u00eb ardhurave nga industrit\u00eb nxjerr\u00ebse, si dhe krijimin e nj\u00eb modeli ekonomik p\u00ebr industrin\u00eb. N\u00eb p\u00ebrfundim t\u00eb k\u00ebtij studimi do t\u00eb jemi shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb informuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjykuar se sa \u00ebsht\u00eb kontributi i pritsh\u00ebm i k\u00ebtyre industrive n\u00eb PBB-n\u00eb dhe a \u00ebsht\u00eb treg i formalizuar n\u00eb mas\u00ebn q\u00eb raportohet. Pra Shqip\u00ebria ka potencial p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjeneruar 2.5%, sa raportohet apo potenciali i saj \u00ebsht\u00eb p.sh. 12.5% dhe ne nuk po p\u00ebrfi tojm\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb po shfryt\u00ebzohet? Burimet hidrike t\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb jan\u00eb n\u00eb fokusin e veprimtaris\u00eb s\u00eb EITI p\u00ebr vitin 2015. Deloitte Albania po kryen p\u00ebr llogari t\u00eb EITI Albania studimin q\u00ebllimor p\u00ebr t\u00eb vler\u00ebsuar kontributin potencial t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj industrie n\u00eb PBB, me synimin p\u00ebr t\u2019i p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb operator\u00ebt e HPP n\u00eb raportet e transparenc\u00ebs s\u00eb EITI. N\u00eb fund t\u00eb marsit 2015 do t\u00eb kemi nj\u00eb pamje m\u00eb t\u00eb qart\u00eb t\u00eb sektorit dhe t\u00eb asaj se \u00e7far\u00eb prodhon ky sektor. Nj\u00eb studim fi zibiliteti p\u00ebr t\u00eb par\u00eb mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e prodhimit t\u00eb integruar t\u00eb raporteve EITI nga institucionet shtet\u00ebrore po kryhet p\u00ebr llogari t\u00eb EITI Albania nga kompania DM Consulting sh.p.k. Studimi do t\u00eb shoh\u00eb mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e integrimit t\u00eb sistemeve IT q\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin institucionet raportuese shtet\u00ebrore n\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb prodhimit t\u00eb raporteve EITI. EITI Albania ka edhe nj\u00eb axhend\u00eb legjislative shum\u00eb ambicioze. N\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje t\u00eb proceseve EITI, n\u00eb tetor t\u00eb 2014-s, Parlamenti shqiptar miratoi rishikimin e Ligjit Minerar, me futjen e klauzol\u00ebs s\u00eb transparenc\u00ebs EITI, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb mars 2015, Parlamenti miratoi rishikimin e ligjit hidrokarbur nr. 7746 dat\u00eb 28.7.1993 (P\u00ebr k\u00ebrkim dhe zbulim) t\u00eb formuluar si m\u00eb posht\u00eb: \u201cN\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb nism\u00ebs p\u00ebr transparenc\u00eb n\u00eb industrin\u00eb nxjerr\u00ebse (EITI), subjektet q\u00eb kan\u00eb lidhur marr\u00ebveshje hidrokarbure, organet e administrat\u00ebs tatimore dhe doganore, si dhe organet e qeverisjes qendrore dhe vendore, kan\u00eb detyrimin t\u00eb raportojn\u00eb sipas standardit t\u00eb caktuar nga kjo nism\u00eb, pran\u00eb Sekretariatit t\u00eb Nism\u00ebs p\u00ebr transparenc\u00eb n\u00eb industrin\u00eb nxjerr\u00ebse, n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me k\u00ebrkesat e p\u00ebrcaktuara n\u00eb aktet n\u00ebnligjore q\u00eb hartohen sipas detyrimeve t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuara n\u00eb nism\u00ebn p\u00ebr transparenc\u00eb n\u00eb industrin\u00eb nxjerr\u00ebse. Sekretariati i Nism\u00ebs p\u00ebr Transparenc\u00eb n\u00eb industrin\u00eb nxjerr\u00ebse, ka p\u00ebr detyr\u00eb publikimin e k\u00ebtyre t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave sipas standardit EITI\u201d. Natyrisht q\u00eb transparenca nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb territor i thjesht\u00eb. Ka shum\u00eb rezistenc\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndenjur n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb status-quo, nga njer\u00ebzit, qofshin k\u00ebta edhe punonj\u00ebs civil\u00eb, nga kompanit\u00eb raportuese, nga vet\u00eb grupet e interesit q\u00eb nuk d\u00ebshirojn\u00eb t\u00eb dalin nga zona e komfortit ku ndodhen dhe u p\u00eblqen kapaciteti n\u00eb informacion. Transparenca k\u00ebrkon p\u00ebrpjekje t\u00eb shum\u00ebfi shta dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb fal\u00eb nj\u00eb \u201cushtrie\u201d n\u00eb rritje entuziast\u00ebsh dhe suportuesish t\u00eb palodhur t\u00eb proceseve EITI n\u00eb qeveri, Parlament, kompani, partner\u00eb lokal\u00eb dhe nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar\u00eb, p\u00ebrkushtimi i t\u00eb cil\u00ebve po b\u00ebn q\u00eb proceset EITI gjat\u00eb 2014-s t\u00eb njihen dhe t\u00eb vler\u00ebsohen nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtarisht, si pararoj\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Albania is doing great.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Revista Monitor, 23.03.2015 Flet Dorina \u00c7inari, drejtuese e Sekretariatit Nisma p\u00ebr Transparenc\u00eb n\u00eb Industrin\u00eb Nxjerr\u00ebse Nuk ka ide m\u00eb t\u00eb fuqishme, se sa nj\u00eb ide s\u00eb cil\u00ebs i ka mb\u00ebrritur koha. \u201cT\u2019i b\u00ebjm\u00eb burimet tona natyrore t\u00eb punojn\u00eb p\u00ebr njer\u00ebzit\u201d \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb ide, koha e…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1336,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[43],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.albeiti.org\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1335"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.albeiti.org\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.albeiti.org\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.albeiti.org\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.albeiti.org\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1335"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.albeiti.org\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1335\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.albeiti.org\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1336"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.albeiti.org\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1335"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.albeiti.org\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1335"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.albeiti.org\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1335"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}